COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF THE LEAVES OF SOLANUM INCANUM LINN AND SOLANUM MELONGENA LINN (SOLANACEAE)
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
Solanum incanum Linn. and Solanum melongena Linn (Solanaceae) are both shrubs or trees found in the sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Both are called „gauta‟ among the Hausa community of Northern Nigeria and „Tarku‟ among the Bura/Babar speaking people of Southern Borno of North Eastern Nigeria. They are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of pain related illnesses such as sore throat, angina, stomach-ache, colic, headache, painful menstruation, liver pain and pain caused by onchocerciasis, pleurisy, pneumonia and rheumatism. Microscopic, chemo-microscopic, quantitative evaluative and thin layer chromatographic (TLC) studies were carried out on the leaves of both plant species using standard pharmacognostic procedures. Elemental analysis using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique was also carried out on the two plant species. Organoleptically, leaves of both plants were green in colour and distinct in odour, but S. incanum had a more bitter taste than S. melongena. Microscopically, leaves of both plants had predominantly anisocytic stomata of different sizes on the adaxial surface, while anomocytic stomata were predominant on the abaxial surfaces. Numerous non glandular stellate trichomes of different sizes were observed on the abaxial surface of both plants. Epidermal cells with wavy anticlinal walls were observed on both surfaces of the two plant species. Transversely, the leaves of both plants were dorsiventral with multilacunar vascular bundles. Calcium oxalate crystal (prism), starch grains (oval-shaped) and xylem vessels (spiral) were observed. Quantitative-leaf microscopy of the two plants had shown that S. melongena had a higher vein-islet termination number (4.80) than S. incanum (3.40). They also differ in their stomatal numbers and indices: 4.00 and 6.80 (upper epidermis) and 12.00 and 20.50 (lower epidermis) in S. melongena were higher than 2.00 and 3.70 (upper epidermis) and 8.00 and 13.30 (lower epidermis) in S. incanum respectively, but had viii the same palisade ratio (4.60) and vein-islet number (2.60). Chemomicroscopic studies showed that both plants had all features tested in common, namely cellulose, lignin, starch, tannins, mucilage, fats and fixed oils and calcium oxalate crystals were present, while calcium carbonate was absent. Physicochemical analysis (%w/w) revealed that water-soluble ash (10.2%) and water-soluble extractive value (19.2%) were higher in S. melongena than in S. incanum (8.4%) and (18%) respectively. While moisture content (4.1%), total ash (20.5%), acid-insoluble ash (7.0%) and alcohol-soluble extractives (12.4%) were found to be higher in S. incanum than in S. melongena (3.5%), (19.0%), (6.0%) and (9.6%) respectively. Quantitative estimation of alkaloids in the leaves of the two plants revealed that S. incanum (8.0%) had a slightly higher percentage of alkaloid than S. melongena (5.0%). The mineral element concentrations (ppm) of the leaf powder of the two plants were found to vary considerably. Generally, S. incanum was found to contain more mineral elements both in number and concentrations than S. melongena. Uranium (0.026+0.007) the potentially toxic element and Neodymium (11.000+3.000) were only present in S. incanum. The percentage yield of the ethanol extract obtained revealed that S. incanum (2.42%) had a higher percentage yield than S. melongena (1.29%). Phytochemical screening on the ethanol extracts of both plants showed that they had all the phytochemicals tested in common namely; alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins and saponins were present while anthraquinone was absent. Thin Layer Chromatographic analysis of the crude ethanol extract showed several numbers of spots with different Rf values. Chromatographic analysis of the alkaloid extract of S. incanum and S. melongena also showed several numbers of spots with different Rf values. The results of this study show that Solanum incanum and S. melongena possess some similar morphological, anatomical and phytochemical characteristics. They were found to differ in respect to their histological features, ix physicochemical parameters and elemental mineral contents. The result can be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the differentiation, identification, authentication and the preparation of the monograph of the two plants.
Related Project Materials
EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED MARKET RISKS AND SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN THE GLOBAL SYSTEMS OF MOBILE-TELECOMMUNICATION IN LAGOS STATE
ABSTRACT
Customer loyalty has been a major issue in marketing. This concept is of great importance in the Global Systems of Mobile (GSM)...
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY STUDIES OF THE STEM BARK OF FICUS GLUMOSA DEL. (MORACEAE)
ABSTRACT
Ficus glumosa is widely distributed in Northern part of Nigeria; it has been exploited for both its medicinal and economic impor...
FINANCIAL RECORD KEEPING AND CHALLENGES IN MICRO FINANCE BANKS
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Micro-finance is the supply of loans, savings, and other basic financial servic...
EVALUATION OF AQUIFER PROTECTIVE CAPACITY AND SOIL CORROSIVITY USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD IN BADEGGI VILLAGE, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
Abstract
A geoelectric survey was carried out in Badeggi under Katcha Local Government area of Niger State with the aim of evaluating the...
DEVELOPMENT OF A 5KG CAPACITY INDUCTION FURNACE FOR MELTING ALUMINIUM
ABSTRACT
Aluminium in Nigeria is a popular metallic element. Widely used to produce single domestic appliances and even industrial engine...
THE CHALLENGES CONFRONTING PRIVATELY OWNED MEDIA STATIONS IN A DEMOCRATIC DISPENSATION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This project work is mainly based on the theoretical and practical approach of the challenges&...
THE NATURE AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK IN A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY SITES
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the nature and management of risk in a construction company sites. Specif...
LA MODULATION VUE A TRAVERS LA VERSION ANGLAISE DE LE REGARD DU ROI DE CAMARA LAYE
ABSTRACT
La traduction est et a toujours été » une...
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Abstract
There exists divergence of opinion in literature on the relationship between capital structure and firms finan...
A STATISTICAL EVALUATION ON BIRTH AND DEATH RATES AND ITS IMPACT ON NIGERIA’S ECONOMY (A CASE STUDY OF OSUN STATE)
Background of the study
Economic development of Nigeria has over the period been inconsistent despite its window...
